The gross (symbol gr. or simply “gross”) is a traditional counting unit equal to 144 items—12 dozen—and is widely used in commerce, inventory management, and manufacturing to simplify bulk ordering and pricing of large quantities; while not an SI unit, its standardized value makes it a practical shorthand for traders, wholesalers, and supply‑chain professionals, and it also appears in scientific contexts such as statistical sampling and laboratory reagent preparation where precise, repeatable batch sizes are essential, underscoring the gross’s enduring relevance as a clear, efficient measure for both everyday business transactions and technical applications.